Quotes by Emile Durkheim - Page 1

There are two types of men: the great and the small.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Two
Small
Types
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Religious representations are collective representations which express collective realities.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Religious
Collective
Express
Realities
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It is science, and not religion, which has taught men that things are complex and difficult to understand.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Taught
Complex
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Our whole social environment seems to us to be filled with forces which really exist only in our own minds.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Environment
Filled
Seems
Social
Whole
Exist
Forces
Minds
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Reality seems valueless by comparison with the dreams of fevered imaginations; reality is therefore abandoned.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Abandoned
Comparison
Reality
Seems
Imaginations
Therefore
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To pursue a goal which is by definition unattainable is to condemn oneself to a state of perpetual unhappiness.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Oneself
Perpetual
Pursue
Unattainable
Unhappiness
State
Condemn
Definition
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If religion has given birth to all that is essential in society, it is because the idea of society is the soul of religion.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Religion
Society
Birth
Given
Soul
Because
Idea
Essential
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Faith is not uprooted by dialectic proof; it must already be deeply shaken by other causes to be unable to withstand the shock of argument.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Causes
Proof
Shock
Deeply
Dialectic
Shaken
Unable
Uprooted
Withstand
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Each new generation is reared by its predecessor; the latter must therefore improve in order to improve its successor. The movement is circular.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Latter
Movement
New Generation
Order
New
Circular
New Generation New Generation
Each
Generation
Must
Improve
Predecessor
Successor
Therefore
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Men have been obliged to make for themselves a notion of what religion is, long before the science of religions started its methodical comparisons.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Methodical
Notion
Obliged
Comparisons
Religions
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It is too great comfort which turns a man against himself. Life is most readily renounced at the time and among the classes where it is least harsh.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Great
Comfort
Harsh
Turns
Life Time Great
Most
Life Time Where
Against
Among
Man
Classes
Too
Himself
Least
Readily
Where
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By definition, sacred beings are separated beings. That which characterizes them is that there is a break of continuity between them and the profane beings.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Break
Continuity
Profane
Sacred
Beings
Definition
Separated
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The liberal professions, and in a wider sense the well-to-do classes, are certainly those with the liveliest taste for knowledge and the most active intellectual life.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Knowledge
Active
Intellectual Life
Taste
Certainly
Classes
Liberal
Professions
Well-To-Do
Wider
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Sadness does not inhere in things; it does not reach us from the world and through mere contemplation of the world. It is a product of our own thought. We create it out of whole cloth.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Sad
Contemplation
Doe
Mere
Sadness
Sorrow
World
Cloth
Product
Reach
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One cannot long remain so absorbed in contemplation of emptiness without being increasingly attracted to it. In vain, one bestows on it the name of infinity; this does not change its nature.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Contemplation
Emptiness
Infinity
Vain
Absorb
Attracted
Name
Increasingly
Remain
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Man could not live if he were entirely impervious to sadness. Many sorrows can be endured only by being embraced, and the pleasure taken in them naturally has a somewhat melancholy character.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Life
Sad
Character
Taken
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Religious phenomena are naturally arranged in two fundamental categories: beliefs and rites. The first are states of opinion, and consist in representations; the second are determined modes of action.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Action
Categories
Determined
Opinion
Religious
States
Two
Naturally
Arranged
Beliefs
Consist
Phenomena
Fundamental
Modes
Rites
Second
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The Christian conceives of his abode on Earth in no more delightful colors than the Jainist sectarian. He sees in it only a time of sad trial; he also thinks that his true country is not of this world.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Sad
Abode
Delightful
Time Sad World
Colors
Sad Time World
Sectarian
Sees
Thinks
Trial
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From the physical point of view, a man is nothing more than a system of cells, or from the mental point of view, than a system of representations; in either case, he differs only in degree from animals.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Point Of View
Animals
Case
Degree
Differs
Either
Mental
Physical
Point
View
System
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That men have an interest in knowing the world which surrounds them, and consequently that their reflection should have been applied to it at an early date, is something that everyone will readily admit.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Reflection
Men World Will
Admit
Applied
Date
Consequently
Early
Readily
Surrounds
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Whoever makes an attempt on a man's life, on a man's liberty, on a man's honour inspires us with a feeling of horror in every way analogous to that which the believer experiences when he sees his idol profaned.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Believer
Honour
Liberty
Life Man Way
Attempt
Experiences
Idol
Inspires
Sees
Whoever
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A person is not merely a single subject distinguished from all the others. It is especially a being to which is attributed a relative autonomy in relation to the environment with which it is most immediately in contact.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Autonomy
Contact
Distinguished
Environment
Relation
Single
Attributed
Immediately
Merely
Subject
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The fundamental proposition of the apriorist theory is that knowledge is made up of two sorts of elements, which cannot be reduced into one another, and which are like two distinct layers superimposed one upon the other.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Knowledge
Elements
Layers
Theory
Distinct
Fundamental
Proposition
Reduced
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Each victim of suicide gives his act a personal stamp which expresses his temperament, the special conditions in which he is involved, and which, consequently, cannot be explained by the social and general causes of the phenomenon.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Causes
Conditions
Involved
Phenomenon
Social
Special
Suicide
Temperament
Victim
Act
General
Cannot
Consequently
Each
Explained
Expresses
Gives
His
Personal
Stamp
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A religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden-beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Religion
Church
Community
Practice
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It is inadmissible that systems of ideas like religions, which have held so considerable a place in history, and to which, in all times, men have come to receive the energy which they must have to live, should be made up of a tissue of illusions.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Considerable
Religions
Held
Illusions
Receive
Systems
Tissue
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The individual can maintain himself in a society definitely organized only through possessing an equally definite mental and moral constitution. This is what the neuropath lacks. His state of disturbance causes him to be constantly taken by surprise by circumstances.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Causes
Circumstances
Definite
Disturbance
Individual
Moral
Organized
Possessing
Surprise
Taken
Equally
Lacks
Maintain
Mental
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There is a collective as well as an individual humor inclining peoples to sadness or cheerfulness, making them see things in bright or somber lights. In fact, only society can pass a collective opinion on the value of human life; for this the individual is incompetent.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Humor
Cheerfulness
Human Life
Individual
Opinion
Sadness
Somber
Bright
Collective
In Fact
Lights
Pass
Value
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Man seeks to learn, and man kills himself because of the loss of cohesion in his religious society; he does not kill himself because of his learning. It is certainly not the learning he acquires that disorganizes religion; but the desire for knowledge wakens because religion becomes disorganized.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Cohesion
Desire
Disorganized
Loss
Seeks
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The human person, whose definition serves as the touchstone according to which good must be distinguished from evil, is considered as sacred, in what one might call the ritual sense of the word. It has something of that transcendental majesty which the churches of all times have given to their Gods.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Distinguished
Evil
Majesty
Ritual
Sacred
Transcendental
According
Considered
Churches
Definition
Serve
Touchstone
Whose
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A monomaniac is a sick person whose mentality is perfectly healthy in all respects but one; he has a single flaw, clearly localized. At times, for example, he has an unreasonable and absurd desire to drink or steal or use abusive language; but all his other acts and all his other thoughts are strictly correct.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Absurd
Desire
Example
Healthy
Mentality
Sick
Single
Unreasonable
Acts
Clearly
Correct
Flaw
For Example
Perfectly
Strictly
Respects
Thoughts
Steal
Whose
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The roles of art, morality, religion, political faith, science itself are not to repair organic exhaustion nor to provide sound functioning of the organs. All this supraphysical life is built and expanded not because of the demands of the cosmic environment but because of the demands of the social environment.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Religion
Faith
Science
Cosmic
Environment
Exhaustion
Morality
Organs
Social
Sound
Life Art Science
Itself
Nor
Organic
Provide
Repair
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A society whose members are united by the fact that they think in the same way in regard to the sacred world and its relations with the profane world, and by the fact that they translate these common ideas into common practices, is what is called a Church. In all history, we do not find a single religion without a Church.
Emile Durkheim / Sociologist
Religion
History
Society
Church
Common
Ideas
Members
Profane
Regard
Sacred
Single
Translate
United
Same
Find
Without
Fact
Practices
Relations
Whose
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